'The Bible is not a policy manual’: Christians reckon with immigration under Trump

[00:00] I'm Aisha Roscoe, and this is a Sunday story from Up First. I often think about my faith and how it affects the way I carry myself as a journalist. [00:14] And as a journalist who is a Christian, I have obviously been noticing the Trump administration use biblical language and imagery online, on social media, to justify foreign and domestic policy decisions. And I'm always... [00:36] curious and interested to hear from people who have studied the Bible and studied Christianity and religion who can talk about the biblical context that these ideas are being pulled from and what that is. [00:56] says about the faith that this administration is portraying. [01:04] I guess that's why I was really, really interested when I heard a recent interview by Brittany Luce, who hosts NPR's It's Been a Minute podcast. She sat down with two people who think a lot about the separation of church and state, and they're not going to be a part of the church. [01:23] And also about what happens when religion is mixed with policy in America. [01:29] Jason DeRose is NPR's religion correspondent.

[01:33] Part of the rhetoric of conservative white evangelicals is that they are the oppressed minority in the United States. Reverend Dr. Gabriel Saul Guerrero is the president and founder of the National Latino Evangelical Coalition. He's also the pastor of The Gathering Place and Assemblies of God Congregation in Orlando, Florida. Look, I think like in any community, evangelicals are not a monolith. [02:03] say evangelicals say, they mostly mean white evangelicals. What I think makes this conversation special is how both guests engage with the idea of welcoming the stranger in Christian thought, and how those values come to bear on current debates in the U.S. about immigration and war. Brittany's insightful conversation with Jason DeRose and Reverend Dr. Gabriel Salguero [02:33] After the break. [02:38] This message is from AT&T with your summer essential, the iPhone 17 Pro. Its center stage front camera auto-adjusts the frame to fit everyone into group selfies. Right now at AT&T, ask how you can get iPhone 17 Pro on them with eligible trade-in. Requires eligible plan. Terms and restrictions apply subject to change. Visit att.com slash iPhone for details.

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[04:38] Parents being detained and deported and children either in the foster care system or in care of somebody they trust. So the churches are really, really important. [04:48] I think the word is righteous indignation. [04:51] around these indiscriminate enforcement actions. And Jason, what are you saying? Well, I've reported largely around the Los Angeles area where I'm located and also from Minneapolis. And I've talked to many people elsewhere, Texas, Florida. [05:06] where these enforcement actions have been taking place. And I would say that it depends on the kind of church, you know, if it is say a white progressive church, um, [05:16] In Minneapolis, I found a lot of people very much out in the streets following... [05:21] DHS agents around blowing whistles to alert people. And these were organized by faith leaders in the Twin Cities area. If it's a predominantly Latino church, I've been talking to for months now, a predominantly Latino Catholic congregation here in Los Angeles, that they're responding by bringing food to members who are too afraid to come to church. So they're organizing grocery [05:51] of responses depending on [05:53] The specifics of the congregation, if they feel less endangered, they might be willing to maybe go out into the streets in ways that congregations where the population feels more in the crosshairs of DHS might feel less inclined to go out into the streets right now.

[06:09] I wonder what about like when churches support the U.S. government's current immigration enforcement tactics, because I imagine that there must be some. Well, that's right. I mean, look at, you know, any of the polling that's looked at who supports Donald Trump. It tends to be white evangelicals, white conservative evangelicals by huge, huge numbers. And so in those congregations, I think there's a lot of focus on rule of law and the importance of law. [06:38] paying attention to what the government wants and understanding that the government is doing something for the good of the people. [06:45] I think that sometimes [06:46] That is thought of as the only way that churches are talking about this. I just want to note, like in thinking about the range of sort of responses that we've seen in churches across the country, thinking right now of… [07:01] What happened back in January at City's Church in St. Paul, Minnesota, protesters interrupted service, alleging that one of the pastors named David Easterwood was the head of the local ice field office. It seems like there's kind of like a wide variety of response. Have you seen that kind of reflected in some ways as well, Gabriel? [07:19] I have. Look, I think like in any community, evangelicals are not a monolith. And oftentimes when [07:28] headlines say evangelicals say they mostly mean white evangelicals. They're not predominantly [07:35] interviewing [07:36] The close to 10 million Latino evangelicals, the Asian evangelicals, the African evangelicals, the Haitian evangelicals, the Somali evangelicals. And so there has to be a little more nuance when people say evangelicals say. Hmm.

[07:51] And so the truth is that for the close to 10 million Latino evangelicals, of which I am one, [07:57] We are deeply concerned [07:59] indignant about what's going on. And there's going to be a reckoning around this issue, particularly around evangelicals of color. I want to jump in. I mean, Jason, you're in the midst of reporting a piece about the ways that scripture is showing up in government communications about immigration and war. [08:15] It's one thing to talk about what's happening with priests in their congregations. It's quite another thing to see some of this very Christian rhetoric coming up in government communications. What's standing out to you about the ways the government is using the language of the Bible? [08:35] Well, I think it's not uncommon for, say, a president to make a reference to scripture in, say, a State of the Union address or in a speech, especially if... [08:46] uh, [08:46] president is speaking at some sort of memorial service or something like that. But what I'm [08:52] official or quasi-official capacity. So the Department of Homeland Security has produced a number of videos that it tweets or puts on Instagram that quote scripture. There's a famous one that came out early this year that begins with, blessed are the peacemakers, and then, [09:12] with the song Everybody Wants to Rule the World, covered by Lord from The Hunger Games, plays while video is... [09:21] shown of DHS agents and DHS helicopters going in to arrest people. So, you know, here you have this quotation from the Sermon on the Mount, the Beatitudes, blessed are the peacemakers for they shall be called the children of God, contrasted with law enforcement and military-style helicopters. There's another instance that I found very interesting. There is a lengthy, lengthy tweet

[09:51] It's more than 1300 word tweet in which he lays out a biblical justification for the Trump administration's immigration policies where he takes to task. [10:03] what he calls liberal people of faith who say that caring for the stranger is an important biblical value. And he sort of [10:10] does a lot of biblical proof texting to say, well, here are the good biblical reasons that the government should have strong borders and should enforce immigration policies. And then the other instance, I would say that the person within the Trump administration who speaks most frequently— [10:26] using the Bible is probably Pete Hegseth, the Secretary of Defense. And I'm very interested in a speech he gave at the National Prayer Breakfast a few months ago. So to that end, here is a reading from the Holy Gospel. [10:41] According to Mark, [10:43] Chapter 8. [10:44] Verses 28, [10:46] to 38, the word of the Lord. [10:49] uses that to describe why people should go into military action and should fight for their country. For whoever would save his life will lose it, but whoever loses his life for my sake and the Gospels will save it. [11:05] This is the gospel of the Lord Jesus Christ, the word of the Lord." Sort of equating the idea that [11:12] you know, if you lay down your life for your neighbors, which is what Jesus is saying to do in to arch their back against [11:19] the empire that was oppressing them.

[11:22] Hegseth is more or less saying, well, if you lay down your life... [11:25] for your country, you will get into heaven. [11:28] The warrior is willing to lay down his life for his unit, his country, and his creator [11:34] That warrior finds eternal life. [11:36] His legacy will not be one of loss, but of glory for a cause greater than himself. [11:42] all power [11:43] All honor. [11:44] And all glory belongs to our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ. [11:51] I'll say this. [11:52] I was raised going to church. I'm sure my parents are listening right now. They're like, girl, you should remember some of this stuff. Like, you should really remember some of this. I'm wondering, like, Gabriel, how are these examples that Jason has brought up of how different government officials are sort of interpreting biblical text? How does that square with your own understanding of the Bible? [12:11] Well, Brittany, before I was a pastor, I was a seminary professor. [12:14] And so I'm trained in theological ethics. And one of the first things they tell you in seminary is, [12:21] When you take a text out of a context, it becomes a pretext to defend your opinion. [12:26] And so that happens all the time in history. [12:31] Many people use scripture to defend it. [12:34] slavery. [12:35] Scripture was used to defend apartheid in South Africa. [12:40] Scripture was used to defend segregation in the United States of America. And as a theologian, I have often seen that you have to take the whole volume of Scripture,

[12:53] So, Matthew 25, this is Jesus speaking, Jesus, who for Christians is the maximum authority. I was a stranger and you welcomed me. I was hungry and you fed me. I was naked and you clothed me. In prison and you visited me. And people will say, when did I do this to you, Jesus? [13:12] And Jesus says, when you did this to the least of these, my sisters and my brothers. Hebrews 13 says, remember hospitality. [13:20] Because many of you have entertained angels unaware. The word for hospitality in Greek is xenophilia. Literally. Remember, love of the stranger. Hmm. [13:30] In the book of Leviticus, [13:32] God tells the nation over and over, treat the stranger like a citizen because you were once a stranger in the land of Israel. [13:40] of [13:41] Egypt. And a bunch of evangelicals, Brittany, used Romans 13. Be subject to those in authority over you. [13:50] Because they do not and I'm paraphrasing not quoting yield the sword in vain and [13:54] But they forget that Romans 13 comes after Romans 12. Oh, my gosh. I know that one. Yeah. That says, do not be conformed to this world. But be transformed. By the renewing of your mind. Oh, see, your parents did a good job. Your parents did a good job. And so here's what I want to say is you can take any text out of its context to make it say whatever you want. [14:17] But overwhelmingly, the gospel is for God. [14:21] The immigrant, the orphan, the stranger, and the widow, and the poor, overwhelmingly. Everybody's trying to get God on their side. Everybody. But Abraham Lincoln was right. It's not, is God on my side? Am I doing what God wants me to do? Am I on God's side?

[14:39] You're listening to The Sunday Story. We'll be right back. [14:49] This message comes from HIMSS. Notice your hairline creeping back? HIMSS makes it simple to do something about it. Get access to prescription treatments with finasteride and minoxidil, ingredients that can help stop hair loss and regrow hair. Visit HIMSS.com slash NPR. Compounded drug products are not approved or evaluated for safety, effectiveness, or quality by the FDA. Rx required. See website for full details and important safety information. Individual results may vary. [15:18] This message comes from BetterHelp. Summer can feel like a sprint. Kids home, trips to plan, routines flipped upside down. It's easy to slip into survival mode, just trying to get through it. Then suddenly, it's over. [15:32] and you're wishing you enjoyed the days just a little bit more. Therapy can help you slow down and actually be present for the moments that matter. With BetterHelp, you can connect with a licensed therapist from anywhere, on your schedule. [15:46] Don't just survive the summer. Thrive. Visit BetterHelp.com slash NPR. [15:52] We're back with more Brittany Luce's conversation with NPR's Jason DeRose and Reverend Dr. Gabriel Salguero about religion and policy. You know, you've brought up so many different examples, Gabriel, of how scripture has been used throughout history to justify certain political actions. But I wonder if there are any specific examples of the U.S. government using scripture in support of their actions or agenda. Jason, is that something that has come up in your reporting?

[16:20] Well, it's pretty unusual for... [16:24] you know, in a pluralistic society for [16:26] people to say, like, the Bible says this... [16:30] here is the legislative agenda laid out by the Bible. I think that, you know, many biblical scholars and historians of Christianity [16:37] would argue that the Bible does not offer a legislative agenda. There isn't a one-to-one correlation, like you can't look at [16:45] ancient Israel or ancient Greece and say, this is how... [16:49] legislation should happen here. However, I would say that during the last year or so in the Trump administration, we are seeing more and more of that. Again, not... [17:00] necessarily from President Trump himself, but from those in his circle, like the Speaker of the House, Mike Johnson, like Pete Hegseth. I think just recently to the birthright citizenship case that was argued in the Supreme Court, there were a number of religious groups who filed front of the court briefs. And one in particular was a very broad ranging one that included Catholics and Protestants and Jews and Muslims and Hindus and Buddhists that, [17:29] made broad appeal to many world religions' understanding of the value of welcoming the stranger. [17:37] to say, "This is why the Supreme Court should find this way." That's very different from saying, [17:44] this one religious [17:46] tradition, says this one thing, therefore we should do it in the United States. The Bible says this, therefore we should pass this law or that law.

[17:58] You know, one of the things that's been kind of on my mind about this really prominently is like, technically, technically, [18:04] Technically, [18:06] America is a secular nation. In 1983, did Ronald Reagan declare it the year of the Bible? Yes. But technically, America is a secular nation. So I wonder why is the government leaning into religion in its messaging? Yeah. [18:22] - [18:23] Look, I think I want to say a few things about this. Go for it. Number one... [18:28] I agree with Jason that the Bible is not a public policy manual. It is a book that forms faith. [18:36] and Christian character, and from which we draw moral and ethics for our living. [18:42] in this society. Number two, [18:45] It is Thomas Jefferson... [18:47] who argued in a letter to a Baptist church. [18:50] for separation of church and state. That phrase is not in the Constitution. What is in the Constitution, you're quite right, Brittany, is that the government shall not [19:00] establish any religion as the religion of the state, nor prohibit the free exercise thereof. So it can't establish, nor can it limit it. So I believe that people of faith enter into the public [19:12] space from their biblical worldview. [19:15] If they're Christians, from their Jewish worldview, if they're Jewish, from their Muslim worldview. I don't believe that there's really a separation of church and state. [19:23] What I do believe is that the state cannot impose religion, but people bring their worldview. If they're deist, if they're some kind of moralist, they bring that worldview to how they interpret public policy, to how they interpret laws, whether they're for or against laws. But I think that our democracy is rich enough to allow people to come from a religious or non-religious worldview without imposing it strictly from the government. Hmm.

[19:53] You said that this is a secular... [19:55] nation. It's the government. [19:58] is secular. But [20:01] The nation itself is actually very religious. For a Western democracy, the United States is one of the most religiously identified countries on the planet. Part of why I think... [20:15] scholars who study this say that is the case, is that there is that idea of [20:20] both free exercise and disestablishment, that you can come here and practice the faith that you choose to practice or no faith at all, [20:29] And the government will not tell you that you cannot... [20:32] do that, that it is disestablished. America was founded away from [20:38] European countries that had national state churches. The pilgrims were trying to get away from religious oppression. So I would say, [20:46] This is not a secular nation. This is a very religious nation, especially compared to other nations. [20:52] other Western democracies, but it is not a nation that has an established religion by the government. [20:59] I wonder though, why do you think then... [21:03] The government is leaning so hard into religion and its messaging. [21:15] to that base. The question, I think, from a political point of view is, you know, [21:21] is that [21:22] percentage enough to continue

[21:26] in power or are there enough of the other groups that say no [21:31] we are Christians of a different sort, or we are Muslims or Jews or Buddhists of a different sort, or Hindus of a different sort, and do not agree with those policies, and that [21:41] a minority group, which white evangelicals are a minority group in the United States, [21:46] The question is, do they get to set... [21:49] the [21:50] legislative and political agenda for the United States. [21:53] Jason, I agree with you in that there's some political advantage, because as soon as you read the scripture, people say, oh, God. [22:02] This politician believes like I do. It's kind of the utilitarian version of scripture. You say, hey, I'll use scripture to defend a policy and that identifies me with a certain base. So there's that. That's a very powerful tool to say God thinks this way. And if you don't think this way. [22:21] You don't think like God, you're not on the right side. [22:23] Okay, this last question is going to shake the table a little bit. I'm wondering, oftentimes... [22:29] When Americans see other countries' governments using scripture or religious messaging to enforce policy policies, [22:35] We don't like that. [22:37] America tends to get up in arms. So I want to know, why is America so quick to criticize when other governments use this approach, even when America has this same approach, this same tactic of using religious messaging to govern in its arsenal? I mean, I think it is interesting to me that...

[22:56] Part of the rhetoric of conservative white evangelicals is that they are the oppressed minority in the United States. That... [23:06] They say, we live in this godless secular society, and we are this small group of people for [23:12] fighting for God and country. What I find interesting about that is that they are a minority, but they don't seem to be oppressed, in part because they tend to be [23:23] straight white people. But part of [23:26] the self understanding is that they are under attack from secular society. And so using, um, [23:34] the Bible and their [23:36] understanding of the Christian faith to describe how America should be, I think is in part wanting to claim, or they might say reclaim, what had been a majority in the world. [23:49] in the United States. You know, it's still a majority. And this is the part that I'm always trying to remind people of, that like, almost two-thirds of America is Christian. The actual biggest group after that, two-thirds Christian, is about a quarter of the U.S. that's nothing in particular. They're either atheists, agnostic, or nothing in particular. So they're called the nuns, the N-O-N-E-S. Yeah, I think it's important that we unpack this, because this has a lot of texture [24:19] I say... [24:20] How many Christian radio stations are there in America? [24:24] How many Christian television channels

[24:27] are there in America? You see them on TV all the time. How many churches are free to worship in America? I think we have to have a real honest look at this perceived under siege. Yes, there are cultural conflicts around a whole host of values that I'm willing to debate at any time. [24:45] But that's not the same as saying we don't have religious freedom. There are people in other countries who are saying, my goodness, you have no sense of what real persecution is. Other Christians and other religious minority groups who are hiding, who are in prison. [25:01] There was a report by World Relief that came out recently that overwhelmingly the people detained are either evangelical or Catholic. [25:11] So out of one side, [25:13] The administration is saying we stand with faith leaders, with evangelicals and Catholics and Christians. And at the other side, the majority of the people who are being detained are Christians. This is the inconsistency that we're trying to highlight. [25:31] My gosh, I really appreciate being able to have this conversation with the two of you. Jason, Gabriel, thank you both so much. You're welcome. Thank you. [25:41] Thank you. [25:43] That was Brittany Luce, host of NPR's It's Been a Minute podcast, speaking with NPR religion correspondent Jason DeRose and Reverend Dr. Gabriel Salguero. Listen to more of It's Been a Minute with Brittany Luce wherever you get your podcasts.

[26:01] *music* [26:02] This episode was produced for The Sunday Story by Justine Yan and edited by Liana Simstrom. The original episode of It's Been a Minute was produced by Corey Antonio Rose and edited by Nina Potok. [26:16] The Sunday Story team includes Andrew Mambo and Jenny Schmidt. Irene Noguchi is our executive producer. I'm Aisha Roscoe. Up First is back tomorrow with all the news you need to start your week. Until then, have a great rest of your weekend. [26:41] This message comes from Bombas. Upgrade your summer staples with soft socks, cushy sandals, and breezy basics. One purchase means one donated with over 200 million donations and counting. Go to bombas.com slash NPR and use code NPR for 20% off your first purchase. [27:00] Support for NPR comes from IBM. On Smart Talks with IBM, Malcolm Gladwell explores how organizations are using technology to solve complex challenges in partnership with IBM. I spoke with Alon Cohen, who heads research and development at UFC. Insights Engine is not here to feel technical. We are bringing it to a place where you feel like you could even have an opinion because you understand enough of what's going on. [27:29] Listen to Smart Talks with IBM wherever you get your podcasts.

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